Josephine Baker

1906-1975

Trailblazing entertainer and activist

Published: September 16, 2025

Have you heard of the woman who danced in a banana skirt to become a global superstar? Imagine a 19-year-old Black woman leaving America behind, wowing Parisians with her bright smile, daring moves, and sparkling outfits! That was Josephine Baker.

Born in 1906, Josephine Baker grew up in St. Louis during the Jazz Age. She moved to Paris in 1925 and quickly became the star of the Folies Bergère. She was the first Black woman to light up a European stage.

Josephine’s most dazzling act was her exotic dance—twirling, shimmying, and playing music on banana-shaped drums. In 1927, she starred in 'Siren of the Tropics,' making her the first Black woman in a major motion picture. She sang in five languages and recorded hit songs that reached audiences around the world.

But Josephine Baker was more than a dazzling dancer. During World War II, she spied for the French Resistance, hiding secret notes in her sheet music. Later, she joined Martin Luther King Jr. at the March on Washington, demanding equal rights for all.

Through her bold performances and fearless heart, Josephine shattered barriers, proving that talent and courage can change history. Her legacy reminds us that one person can dance, sing, and stand up to make the world brighter and fairer.

Frequently Asked Questions

What was Josephine Baker's birth name?

She was born Freda Josephine McDonald. She later took the stage name Josephine Baker early in her performing career.

Did Josephine Baker have children?

She adopted a large, international family known as her “Rainbow Tribe,” bringing together children of different backgrounds to promote racial harmony.

What was Château des Milandes?

Her country estate in Dordogne, France, where she raised her adopted children, hosted guests and performances, and later became a public site celebrating her life.

Was she officially honored for her wartime work?

Yes. France awarded her honors for her Resistance efforts, including distinctions such as the Croix de Guerre and recognition from the Légion d'Honneur.

Did she take stands on segregation and racism beyond the March on Washington?

Yes. She refused to perform for segregated audiences in the U.S., used her fame to speak against racism, and supported civil rights causes throughout her life.

Was Josephine Baker married?

She had multiple marriages and many important personal relationships. Her private life reflected the same independence and nonconformity as her public persona.